Governing Structure
Romania is a semi-presidential republic with a president (current president Klaus Johannis) as head of state. At the head of the government is a prime minister, appointed by the President.
The Constitution of Romania is based on the model of the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic.
According to the Constitution, Romania is a national state, sovereign and independent, unitary and indivisible. The form of government of the Romanian state is a republic. The state is organized according to the principle of separation and balance of powers — legislative, executive and judicial — within a constitutional democracy.
Election Process
The President is elected by universal, equal, direct, secret and freely expressed vote (by popular vote for a maximum of two five-year terms). The President appoints the Prime Minister from the party or coalition that won the majority in Parliament, who in turn appoints the Government.
Judicial Organisation
The Romanian Parliament is bicameral, [10] being made up of the Senate, with 136 members, and the Chamber of Deputies, with 330 members.
The Government of Romania is the public authority of the executive power, which operates on the basis of the vote of confidence granted by the Parliament and which ensures the implementation of the country’s internal and external policy and exercises the general management of the public administration
According to the principle of separation of powers in the state, the judicial system in Romania is independent from the other branches of the government and is composed of a structure of hierarchically organized courts. In Romania, justice is administered only by the High Court of Cassation and Justice and the other courts, namely the appeal courts, tribunals, specialized tribunals and courts.
The judicial organization consists of the following courts:
- Court of Cassation;
- Courts of justice;
- Courts of law;
- Specialized courts;
- Courts of law;
- Military courts.